Periodontal disease is a serious inflammation and infection of the tissues that support your teeth. When left untreated, it destroys the supporting structure of your teeth and can ultimately lead to tooth loss. The condition is caused by bacteria in the mouth that attack your gum tissue, causing a breakdown of bone and tooth.

The early symptoms include swollen, tender and reddish or purplish gums that bleed easily when brushing or flossing. You may also notice a buildup of plaque on your teeth or have a persistent bad taste in your mouth (halitosis). If left untreated, the disease progresses and symptoms get worse: your teeth become loose, you may develop pus along your gum line or even lose your teeth altogether.

Periodontal Disease: Understanding Its Causes and How to Treat It

In addition to the obvious destruction of your teeth, periodontitis has been linked to systemic diseases like heart disease and diabetes as well as pregnancy complications like preterm low-birth weight infants. The good news is that it’s treatable.

Your dental professional will recommend a comprehensive treatment plan, which begins with proper daily oral hygiene practices to remove the bacteria and help your gums heal. This includes twice-daily brushing with fluoride toothpaste and regular dental cleanings every 6 to 12 months, depending on your risk factors for periodontitis. Your dental professional may refer you to a specialist called a periodontist, who can offer more invasive treatments like bone and tissue grafting to cover exposed roots or add thickness to the gum line.